Decarbonization
IVIG develops and applies decarbonization solutions based on physicochemical processes capable of capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and converting it into stable products of industrial value. Among these solutions, the bubbling process stands out, generating sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).
Sodium Carbonate: Innovation and Sustainability in Production
Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is an essential input for various industrial sectors , with wide application in the manufacture of glass, detergents, water treatment, and the chemical industry in general. Currently, its industrial-scale production occurs mainly through the Solvay process , associated with high energy consumption and waste generation , and through the mining of trona, a natural mineral rich in carbonates used as a raw material for the production of soda ash , an activity that also presents environmental challenges.
Given this scenario, new technological routes are being studied with a focus on greater sustainability. A promising alternative is the production of sodium carbonate from bubbling carbon dioxide (CO₂) through an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) . This approach allows for the capture and fixation of CO₂ in the form of stable carbonate, contributing to decarbonization strategies and the development of chemical processes with less environmental impact.
Decarbonization process
CO2 bubbling through NaOH to produce sodium carbonate for decarbonization.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless gas, with low toxicity at moderate concentrations, soluble in water, and exhibiting acidic behavior in aqueous solution. Its reaction with strong bases, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), allows the formation of bicarbonates and carbonates.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), popularly known as caustic soda, is a strong base widely used in chemical processes due to its high reactivity and complete dissociation in aqueous solution. It reacts with acids by neutralization and with CO₂, promoting the formation of sodium carbonate salts.
Chemical reactions involved
The reaction between carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) occurs in successive steps, initially forming sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and, in the presence of excess base, resulting in the formation of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).
The overall reaction for the formation of sodium carbonate can be represented by:
2 NaOH (aq) + CO₂ (g) → Na₂CO₃ (aq) + H₂O (l)
Objectives
To present and discuss the process of obtaining Na₂CO₃ by passing gaseous CO₂ through an aqueous solution of NaOH.
Analyze the critical process parameters, such as concentration, temperature, and absorption rate.
Propose an experimental methodology for evaluating conversion efficiency.
To explore potential industrial and laboratory applications of the product obtained.
Advantages
It contributes to reducing the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere.
It supports strategies for mitigating climate change.
It generates a chemically stable product.
Sodium carbonate has low toxicity and occurs naturally in various environments, such as in marine waters containing dissolved carbonates.